Scope of applications of Raman Spectroscopy

Raman Spectroscopy offers several advantages over IR spectroscopy which can be summarized as:

• Non – destructive and requiring no sample preparation
• 处理水上样品的便利
• Mid-IR results in complex overlapping bands which can make interpretation difficult. In contrast Raman spectroscopy offers clean, narrow bands with little or no overtone or combination bands
• Up-gradation with microscope or光纤探针扩展应用程序难以访问采样点和从显微镜到大尺寸的样本。

药物应用have already been covered earlier. In this article scope of applications in other areas is briefly explored

有机化合物

两个都红外光谱和拉曼光谱complement each other for providing information on presence of functional groups and structural arrangements. The stretching vibrations of functional groups provide the difficult to detect IR signals whereas in the Raman spectra these are strong and give useful information on the surroundings of the group in the molecule. Raman spectroscopy also provides valuable information for measuring symmetric vibrations from C – C bonds and diatomic molecules such as O2 and N2.

无机化合物

Raman spectroscopy finds application in analysis of inorganic samples for several reasons

• Laser light sources cover a broad spectrum covering regions from visible to IR to near- IR
• Glass containers can be used for the analysis of aqueous inorganic samples
• 可以为所有三个阶段记录光谱 - 固体，液体或气体

Applications include studies on metal – ligand bonding and homonuclear diatomic molecules

Biological and life sciences

在生物标本中成功地进行了研究，包括体液，组织，细胞分析和微生物鉴定。与显微镜结合使用，可以追踪乳膏和其他医疗应用在皮肤上的吸附行为。

材料表征

Raman spectroscopy is a sound approach in fingerprinting of solids, liquids and gases. Due to coherence of laser light sources and addition of microscope it is possible to characterize extremely small sample volumes and sizes leading to characterization of nano materials for structural and conformational characteristics.

过程监测

Real-time monitoring of gases, liquids or even solid manufacturing lines is possible using Raman spectroscopy. Sampling options such as fiber optic probes extends measurement of samples remotely even in tanks and reaction vessels.

Semiconductors

拉曼光谱吸收在与显微镜组合的组合中的半导体材料质量控制中的应用，可以确定薄半导体膜的微观结构，并监测晶片结构以识别表面缺陷

地质和宝石分析

矿物的拉曼带通常尖锐，重叠几乎没有重叠，因此可以快速分析复杂矿物混合物的表征。

由于其非破坏性和非侵入性样品处理拉曼光谱已经成功调整

• 验证和级宝石
• 晶体类型的识别
• Identify solid, liquid or gaseous inclusions in gemstones

Forensic Applications

拉曼光谱证明已成为犯罪调查的强大工具。证明其在本领域的应用程序的原因是：

• 能够处理有机和无机化合物
• Small sample sizes with concentrations down to picomoles.
• 检查样品原位，内部玻璃或塑料容器
• Non-destructive and non-invasive testing

These features are being exploited for investigation of illicit drugs counterfeit materials, fraudulent documents, explosives, gunshot residues, poisons, inks, paints, fibers and hair residues recovered from scene of crime

该技术已应用于不同的应用领域，但具有一些固有的局限性：

• Raman activitiy is largely affected by interfering Rayleigh scattering.This limitation can be overcome by adopting信号是增强技术
• Some samples are intrinsically fluorescent and some when observed in glass containers having rare earth element impurities upon irradiation can fluorescence. This signal can obscure the Raman signal
• 拉曼光谱仪的分辨率受到单色仪的分辨率的限制

远远超过了局限性的好处，结果新的应用程序正在快速发展。