实验室泄漏管理的重要性

Laboratory safetyis an area which no laboratory can afford to ignore. As soon as you enter any laboratory you will come across safety gear such as fire extinguishers, fume hoods, biological cabinets, eye wash stations, safety fountains, etc. You will also come across safety instructions and charts decorating the laboratory walls.

Several authoritative texts are available on laboratory safety but an area which is often ignored is spill management which deserves its due attention.

Let me first introduce you to the various common laboratory spills and subsequently you’ll be suggested remedial measures :

• Corrosive liquids such as acids and alkalis
• Highly inflammable liquids
• 有毒物质
• Mercury
• Biological spills
• 放射性溢出

溢出管理

溢出物可能会对不知道溢油性质的另一名工人或局外人构成严重危险。首先，需要封锁溢出区，并提出警告标志。不同的溢出需要不同的补救措施，这些措施随后会建议使用，但重要的是要保持溢出管理套件容易获得，以便在需要时您不必四处寻找清理溢出所需的物品。同样重要的是要保留有关实验室化学品的材料安全数据表，所有人都应该易于使用。

腐蚀性液体

Corrosive liquids such as acids and alkalis frequently get spilled due to improper handling and breakage of containers.
切勿将水直接添加到溢出物或拖把上，因为它会导致皮肤燃烧。用苏打灰或碳酸氢钠粉末覆盖酸性溢出，并在一段时间使用拖把后覆盖酸性溢出。如果碱性溢出，则用弱酸（例如硼酸）中和，然后擦拭。

炎症液体

第一步是确保没有耐克d flames in the laboratory. As most of the flammable liquids are volatile in nature you have to switch of all instruments running on motors which can be potential sources of electric sparks. Cover the spill with sawdust so as to absorb the liquid and then using protective gloves transfer to a waste bag for safe disposal.

有毒物质

It is necessary to evacuate the laboratory and then take remedial action as prescribed by the specific material safety data sheet. It is important that the cleaner is equipped with safety gear such as face mask, gas mask, if necessary , protective clothing and gloves before attempting to clean up the spill

Mercury

在几个实验室项目中发现了汞，例如温度计，气压计，灯，并以纯状态使用：光仪仪器。这是有毒的，需要仔细处理。除了游泳池外，水星还可以在地板上散布，因为会被困在地板裂缝中的微小液滴。请勿使用真空吸尘器，因为它会增加空气中的汞蒸气。用扫帚清扫只能将小滴散布在带有探照灯或倒入一些锌或硫粉的小液滴中，以使液滴变暗，并使用眼滴来除去它们。处理汞溢出时，请务必戴手套。从外部擦拭溢出物，然后用塑料密封包收集。残留的汞应用醋棉签擦拭，然后是过氧化物。然后应将拭子放在密封的塑料袋中。

切勿将收集的汞倒在排水管上，由于蒸气形成的风险，不应在常规垃圾中污染汞的手套或衣服。

生物泄漏

Biological spills carry potential risk of exposure to disease causing bacteria and micro- organisms. Such spills can take place inside biosafety cabinets, centrifuges or on the floor. In all cases the spill should be cleaned after wearing disposable gloves and protective clothing.In case of breakage carefully remove broken glass, blades, or other sharp objects in a separate sharps disposable bin. Cover the area with 10% bleach disinfectant for about half an hour and then wipe with paper towels soaked in iso-propyl alcohol. Autoclave the contents before disposal. Remove used gloves and shoe covers and wash hands thoroughly with IPA, soap and finally with water.

放射性溢出

放射性溢出需要立即注意。首先要撤离溢出区，并防止任何通道，直到清除溢出物为止。这是防止放射性污染传播到其他区域的必要条件。在允许它们离开之前，应监视溢出区域内的孔子以确保安全水平。始终向机构安全官员报告放射性溢出。

遭受人身伤害（如果有的话）后，将破碎的玻璃或其他锋利的容器收集到锋利的容器中，并用纸巾覆盖溢出物。将放射性废物放在放射性废物袋中，在净化后监测日常活动之前的残留放射性。

所有类型的溢出物都必须正确管理溢出物，并且每个实验室应根据其所处理的材料的活动和性质规定专门的程序。

希望本文有用，并开辟了实验室安全实践的另一个维度。请分享您的经验并提供您的评论。