要求基础实验室玻璃器皿的清洗

一个实验室利用了几种玻璃器皿，例如容积瓶，锅，移液器，烧杯，手表眼镜，特定的重力瓶，小瓶，培养皿，培养皿等。这些物品不是一次性物品，并且反复使用。但是，分析结果的质量在很大程度上取决于它们的清洁度和免受污染的自由。

实验室玻璃器皿清洁实践简要介绍了采用的玻璃器皿清洁实践。本文提供了处理不同类别的化学药品后清洁不同类型的玻璃器皿及其清洁实践的建议。

清洁不同类别的玻璃器皿

使用前，应仔细检查用于实验室应用的玻璃器皿。它们应该没有斑点，明显清洁，没有化学污染，也没有细菌，即无菌，然后在微生物学应用中使用。一种简单的方法来检查免受油或油脂污染的自由是通过蒸馏水流均匀的润湿。油脂或油的存在将防止均匀润湿，并导致微滴的形成。

Volumetric Flasks

使用后，立即将其浸泡在温暖的肥皂水中。用软刷清洁任何顽固的沉积物。用自来水冲洗，然后用去离子水冲洗3 - 4个冲洗。应避免热空气烤箱干燥，因为这会影响玻璃器皿的容量校准。如果紧急需要用丙酮冲洗2-3次玻璃器皿，然后涂真空即可去除残留的丙酮。应避免吹气，因为它会污染清洁的烧瓶。

Burettes

Wash with soap water. Use long handle soft brush if necessary. and finally rinse 2 – 3 times with deionised water. Remove the joint and boil in a weak solution of sodium carbonate to remove grease. Apply a thin film of grease after cleaning and re-insert into the burette.

Pipettes

Insert pipettes gently into a jar filled with tap water for some time. After removal dip in a jar of dissolved detergent or chromic acid and after soaking for sufficient time (several hours) run deionised water both outside and inside. Wipe outside with lint free tissue. Allow to dry.

Culture tubes and Petri dishes

Microbiological studies required use of culture tubes and Petri dishes. Sterilize before cleaning in the autoclave for 20 – 30 minutes at 121 degrees centigrade and 15 psi pressure. Empty the contents and adopt general cleaning practices as for other glassware.

使用不同类型的化学物质后清洁

Commonly you would encounter aqueous or non-aqueous samples in laboratory analysis.After using aqueous solutions you should wash glassware with tap water followed by rinsing 3 to 4 times with deionised water.In case of non-aqueous samples rinsing with ethanol or acetone is sufficient followed by 3 – 4 rinses with deionised water.

Strong acids and bases

Wear gloves and safety glasses for the cleaning operation. Rinse with several volumes of tap water in a fume hood followed by 3 to 4 rinses with deionised water

Weak acids and bases

Glassware used for handling weak acids or bases or dilute solutions of strong acids or bases can be rinsed with tap water followed by 3-4 rinses with deionised water

Autoclaving

Steam autoclaving for sterilization requires essential precautions:

• Remove closure caps, if any, before autoclaving
• Inspect glassware carefully for cracks. Autoclave crack free glassware only as cracked or chipped glassware can break during the process of sterilization.
• Allow the glassware to attain room temperature after autoclaving so as to avoid handling injuries or breakages.
• Only borosilicate glass items should be autoclaved. Bottles which are usually made from soda lime glass do not withstand the autoclave temperatures.
• The autoclave should be provided with auto cut-off in case there is accidental increase in temperature or pressure.

清洁实验室玻璃器皿时采取足够的预防措施。保护眼睛，手和衣服是必不可少的，以免因破裂而造成的伤害，肥皂溶液进入眼睛并引起刺激。其他苛刻的清洁剂可能会导致皮肤燃烧，甚至通过皮肤穿透产生毒性。